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Testing technologies at the heart of next Delta launch BY JUSTIN RAY SPACEFLIGHT NOW Posted: June 15, 2006 Updated with revised launch window Editor's note: Launch was delayed after this story was published. The new launch date is Wednesday, June 21. An experimental U.S. military project to test whether the advanced technologies embedded in two miniature satellites and a new upper stage kick motor can operate through the rigors of spaceflight will launch into orbit Tuesday evening from Cape Canaveral aboard a Boeing Delta 2 rocket.
"MiTEx will investigate and demonstrate advanced space technologies such as lightweight power and propulsion systems, avionics and spacecraft structures; commercial-off-the-shelf processors; affordable, responsive fabrication/build-to-launch techniques; and single-string components," DARPA officials explained in mission information provided to Spaceflight Now. The 12-story rocket will roar away from pad A of Complex 17 with its main engine and six strap-on boosters firing to create 789,000 pounds of thrust. A minute later, the three remaining solid-fuel boosters will light as the six ground-lit motors burn out and fall away. Heading eastward across the Atlantic, the blue and white Delta will leave a smokey contrail from the solid boosters until the final three are extinguished just over two minutes into flight and separate more than 30 miles above the ocean. That will leave the RS-27A first stage engine, consuming refined kerosene and supercold liquid oxygen, to push the rocket onward for another two minutes to an altitude of 70 miles before shutting down. The spent stage then jettisons, allowing the hypergolic-fueled second stage to ignite. Moments later, the two-piece nose cone that shrouded the payload during ascent through the atmosphere is commanded to spring open and separate.
The vehicle will coast in that orbit for 12 minutes before the engine is re-started for a 73-second burn to reach an intermediate orbit with a high point of 1,380 statute miles and low point of 105 miles. Tiny thrusters on the side of the rocket then spin up the third stage in preparation for separation. The two stages split at T+plus 23 minutes, 31 seconds, followed 37 seconds later by ignition of the solid-fuel third stage for its 86-second burn. The third stage targets a highly elliptical geosynchronous transfer orbit with a high point of 22,490 statute miles, low point of 115 miles and inclination of 25.24 degrees to the equator.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is spearheading the MiTEx effort to evaluate the usefulness of small satellite technologies and the prototype upper stage to support future military programs. But before the two satellites can begin their year-long missions, the stage has to place the craft into the intended orbit. Developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the experimental motor will put several new technologies to the test including:
The stage will ferry the two MiTEx satellites from the egg-shaped geosynchronous transfer orbit reached by the Delta 2 rocket to the circular geostationary orbit 22,300 miles above the equator. That high orbit allows spacecraft to match the planet's rotation and appear fixed over one location. Once arriving in geostationary orbit, the satellite pair will be deployed from the stage to begin independent lives examining the value of operating miniature craft from such a high vantage point above Earth. The demonstration will give military planners real-life experience to draw upon when designing new projects. The MiTEx spacecraft weigh about 500 pounds each. Orbital Sciences built one satellite and Lockheed Martin the other. "The satellites will conduct a variety of experiments in autonomous operations and maneuvering and station-keeping. MiTEx will also demonstrate the ability to launch multiple small satellites into GEO orbit," according to DARPA officials. Geostationary orbit is the home to government and commercial communications satellites, plus spy spacecraft for eavesdropping reconnaissance missions and missile-launch detection. The price tag for MiTEx has not been released. And the exact parking spots in geostationary orbit for the two spacecraft aren't being revealed. |
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